The association between plasma IgG N-glycosylation and neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy: a case-control study.

Introduction: Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is one of severe neonatal brain injuries, resulting from inflammation and the immune response after perinatal hypoxia and ischemia. IgG N-glycosylation plays a crucial role in various inflammatory diseases through mediating the balance between anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory responses. This study aimed to explore the effect of IgG N-glycosylation on the development of HIE. Methods: This case-control study included 53 HIE patients and 57 control neonates. An ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) method was used to determine the features of the plasma IgG N-glycans, by which 24 initial glycan peaks (GPs) were quantified. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine the association between initial glycans and HIE, by which the significant parameters were used to develop a diagnostic model. Though receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, area under the curve (AUC) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated to assess the performance of the diagnostic model. Results: There were significant differences in 11 initial glycans between the patient and control groups. The levels of fucosylated and galactosylated glycans were significantly lower in HIE patients than in control individuals, while sialylated glycans were higher in HIE patients (p < 0.05). A prediction model was developed using three initial IgG N-glycans and fetal distress, low birth weight, and globulin. The ROC analysis showed that this model was able to discriminate between HIE patients and healthy individuals [AUC = 0.798, 95% CI: (0.716-0.880)]. Discussion: IgG N-glycosylation may play a role in the pathogenesis of HIE. Plasma IgG N-glycans are potential noninvasive biomarkers for screening individuals at high risk of HIE.

MSCTA imaging analysis of autologous arteriovenous fistula dysfunction in maintenance hemodialysis patients.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the multi-slice spiral CT angiography (MSCTA) imaging features of arteriovenous fistula dysfunction in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis and analyze the significance of the imaging examination. METHODS: Altogether 90 patients with end-stage renal disease treated by maintenance hemodialysis in General Hospital of China Resources & Wisco from June 2020 to February 2023 were divided into a normal function group (n=68) and a dysfunction group (n=22) according to the function of autogenous arteriovenous fistula. The clinical data of the two groups were recorded. The MSCTA was performed in each patient, and the manifestations of arteriovenous fistula dysfunction were analyzed. Additionally, the vascular access stenosis, vascular access lumen stenosis, arteriovenous diameter, blood flow, and hemodynamic indices were tested, and the value of MSCTA in predicting arteriovenous fistula function was analyzed by Logistic regression. RESULTS: The degree of vascular access stenosis and vascular access lumen stenosis in the normal group were less than those in the dysfunctional group (P<0.05). The arteriovenous diameter, blood flow, blood flow velocity at anastomotic vein end, dialysis adequacy (spKt/V), and von Willebrand factor (vWF) function in the normal group were larger than those in the dysfunction group, and the radial artery shear force was lower than in the dysfunction group, with statistical significance (P<0.05). Among the arteriovenous fistula dysfunction, there were 3 patients with anastomotic + outflow vein stenosis, 4 patients with outflow vein stenosis, 9 patients with inflow artery + anastomosis + outflow vein stenosis, and 6 patients with superior vena cava stenosis. Logistic regression analysis showed that slow blood flow velocity at the venous end of anastomosis and high shear force of radial artery were influencing factors of arteriovenous fistula dysfunction, and the area under ROC curve of blood flow velocity at the venous end of anastomosis plus shear force of radial artery was 0.93, with a sensitivity of 0.87 and a specificity of 0.85. CONCLUSION: MSCTA can be used to evaluate the dysfunction of autologous arteriovenous fistula in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis, and provide important reference information for the formulation of the next best clinical treatment plan.

Distribution characteristics and microbial synergistic degradation potential of polyethylene and polypropylene in freshwater estuarine sediments.

The microbial degradation of polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) resins in rivers and lakes has emerged as a crucial issue in the management of microplastics. This study revealed that as the flow rate decreased longitudinally, ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N), heavy fraction of organic carbon (HFOC), and small-size microplastics (< 1 mm) gradually accumulated in the deep and downstream estuarine sediments. Based on their surface morphology and carbonyl index, these sediments were identified as the potential hot zone for PE/PP degradation. Within the identified hot zone, concentrations of PE/PP-degrading genes, enzymes, and bacteria were significantly elevated compared to other zones, exhibiting strong intercorrelations. Analysis of niche differences revealed that the accumulation of NH4+-N and HFOC in the hot zone facilitated the synergistic coexistence of key bacteria responsible for PE/PP degradation within biofilms. The findings of this study offer a novel insight and comprehensive understanding of the distribution characteristics and synergistic degradation potential of PE/PP in natural freshwater environments.

Risk stratification and predictive modeling of postoperative delirium in chronic subdural hematoma.

Background- Postoperative delirium is a common complication associated with the elderly, causing increased morbidity and prolonged hospital stay. However, its risk factors in chronic subdural hematoma patients have not been well studied. Methods- A total of 202 consecutive patients with chronic subdural hematoma at Peking University Third Hospital between January 2018 and January 2023 were enrolled. Various clinical indicators were analyzed to identify independent risk factors for postoperative delirium using univariate and multivariate regression analyses. Delirium risk prediction models were developed as a nomogram and a Markov chain. Results- Out of the 202 patients (age, 71 (IQR, 18); female-to-male ratio, 1:2.7) studied, 63 (31.2%) experienced postoperative delirium. Univariate analysis identified age (p < 0.001), gender (p = 0.014), restraint belt use (p < 0.001), electrolyte imbalance (p < 0.001), visual analog scale score (p < 0.001), hematoma thickness (p < 0.001), midline shift (p < 0.001), hematoma side (p = 0.013), hematoma location (p = 0.018), and urinal catheterization (p = 0.028) as significant factors. Multivariate regression analysis confirmed the significance of restraint belt use (B = 7.657, p < 0.001), electrolyte imbalance (B = -3.993, p = 0.001), visual analog scale score (B = 2.331, p = 0.016), and midline shift (B = 0.335, p = 0.007). Hematoma thickness and age had no significant impact. Conclusion- Increased midline shift and visual analog scale scores, alongside restraint belt use and electrolyte imbalance elevate delirium risk in chronic subdural hematoma surgery. Our prediction models may offer reference value in this context.

Dual-core-component multiphasic bioceramic granules with selective-area porous structures facilitating bone tissue regeneration and repair.

Ca-phosphate/-silicate ceramic granules have been widely studied because their biodegradable fillers can enhance bone defect repair accompanied with bioactive ion release and material degradation; however, it is a challenge to endow bioceramic composites with time-dependent ion release and highly efficient osteogenesis in vivo. Herein, we prepared dual-core-type bioceramic granules with varying chemical compositions beneficial for controlling ion release and stimulating osteogenic capability. Core-shell-structured bioceramic granules (P8-Sr4@Zn3, P8-Sr4@TCP, and P8-Sr4@HAR) composed of 8% P- and 4% Sr-substituting wollastonite (P8, Sr4) dual core components and different shell components, such as 3% Zn-substituting wollastonite (Zn3), ß-tricalcium phosphate (ß-TCP), and hardystonite (HAR), were prepared by cutting extruded core-shell fibers through dual-core ternary nozzles, followed by high-temperature sintering post-treatment. The experimental results showed that nonstoichiometric wollastonite core components contributed to more biologically active ion release in Tris buffer in vitro, and the sparingly dissolvable shell component readily maintained the granule morphology in vivo; thus, such bioceramic implants can adjust new bone growth and material degradation over time. In particular, bioceramic granules encapsulated by the TCP shell exhibited the most appreciable osteogenic capacity and expected biodegradation, which was mostly favorable for bone repair in critical bone defects. It is reasonable to consider that this new multiphasic bioceramic granule design is versatile for developing next-generation implants for various bone damage repairs.

Direct Synthesis of α- and ß-2'-Deoxynucleosides with Stereodirecting Phosphine Oxide via Remote Participation.

2'-Deoxynucleosides and analogues play a vital role in drug development, but their preparation remains a significant challenge. Previous studies have focused on ß-2'-deoxynucleosides with the natural ß-configuration. In fact, their isomeric α-2'-deoxynucleosides also exhibit diverse bioactivities and even better metabolic stability. Herein, we report that both α- and ß-2'-deoxynucleosides can be prepared with high yields and stereoselectivity using a remote directing diphenylphosphinoyl (DPP) group. It is particularly efficient to prepare α-2'-deoxynucleosides with an easily accessible 3,5-di-ODPP donor. Instead of acting as a H-bond acceptor on a 2-(diphenylphosphinoyl)acetyl (DPPA) group in our previous studies for syn-facial O-glycosylation, the phosphine oxide moiety here acts as a remote participating group to enable highly antifacial N-glycosylation. This proposed remote participation mechanism is supported by our first characterization of an important 1,5-briged P-heterobicyclic intermediate via variable-temperature NMR spectroscopy. Interestingly, antiproliferative assays led to a α-2'-deoxynucleoside with IC50 values in the low micromole range against central nervous system tumor cell lines SH-SY5Y and LN229, whereas its ß-anomer exhibited no inhibition at 100 µM. Furthermore, the DPP group significantly enhanced the antitumor activities by 10 times.

The Acetic Acid Produced by Lactobacillus Species Regulates Immune Function to Alleviate PEDV Infection in Piglets.

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) infection results in significant mortality among newborn piglets, leading to substantial economic setbacks in the pig industry. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), the metabolites of intestinal probiotics, play pivotal roles in modulating intestinal function, enhancing the intestinal barrier, and bolstering immune responses through diverse mechanisms. The protective potential of Lactobacillus delbrueckii, Lactobacillus johnsonii, and Lactococcus lactis was first noted when administered to PEDV-infected piglets. Histological evaluations, combined with immunofluorescence studies, indicated that piglets receiving L. lactis displayed less intestinal damage, with diminished epithelial cell necrosis and milder injury levels. Differences in immunofluorescence intensity revealed a significant disparity in antigen content between the L. lactis and PEDV groups, suggesting that L. lactis might suppress PEDV replication, the intestine. We then assessed short-chain fatty acid content through targeted metabolomics, finding that acetate levels markedly varied from other groups. This protective impact was confirmed by administering acetate to PEDV-infected piglets. Data suggested that piglets receiving acetate exhibited resistance to PEDV. Flow cytometry analyses were conducted to evaluate the expression of innate and adaptive immune cells in piglets. Sodium acetate appeared to bolster innate immune defenses against PEDV, marked by elevated NK cell and macrophage counts in mesenteric lymph nodes, along with increased NK cells in the spleen and macrophages in the bloodstream. Acetic acid was also found to enhance the populations of CD8+ IFN-γ T cells in the blood, spleen, and mesenteric lymph, CD4+ IFN-γ T cells in mesenteric lymph nodes and spleen, and CD4+ IL-4+T cells in the bloodstream. Transcriptome analyses were carried out on the jejunal mucosa from piglets with PEDV-induced intestinal damage and from healthy counterparts with intact barriers. Through bioinformatics analysis, we pinpointed 189 significantly upregulated genes and 333 downregulated ones, with the PI3K-AKT, ECM-receptor interaction, and pancreatic secretion pathways being notably enriched. This transcriptomic evidence was further corroborated by western blot and qPCR. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) were found to modulate G protein-coupled receptor 41 (GPR41) and 43 (GPR43) in porcine intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2). Post-acetic acid exposure, there was a notable upsurge in the ZO-1 barrier protein expression in IPEC-J2 compared to the unexposed control group (WT), while GPR43 knockdown inversely affected ZO-1 expression. Acetic acid amplified the concentrations of phosphorylated PI3K and AKT pivotal components of the PI3K/AKT pathway. Concurrently, the co-administration of AKT agonist SC79 and PI3K inhibitor LY294002 revealed acetic acid's role in augmenting ZO-1 expression via the P13K/AKT signaling pathway. This study demonstrates that acetic acid produced by Lactobacillus strains regulates intestinal barrier and immune functions to alleviate PEDV infection. These findings provide valuable insights for mitigating the impact of PEDV in the pig industry.

Research Progress on Biological Evidence Identification in Fire Scenes.

Biological evidence is relatively common evidence in criminal cases, and it has strong probative power because it carries DNA information for individual identification. At the scene of fire-related cases, the complex thermal environment, the escape of trapped people, the firefighting and rescue operations, and the deliberate destruction of criminal suspects will all affect the biological evidence in the fire scene. Scholars at home and abroad have explored and studied the effectiveness of biological evidence identification in fire scenes, and found that the blood stains, semen stains, bones, etc. are the main biological evidence which can be easily recovered with DNA in fire scenes. In order to analyze the research status and development trend of biological evidence in fire scenes, this paper systematically sorts out the relevant research, mainly including the soot removal technology, appearance method of typical biological evidence, and possibility of identifying other biological evidence. This paper also prospects the next step of research direction, in order to provide reference for the identification of biological evidence and improve the value of biological evidence in fire scenes.

Forensic Identification and Evaluation of 25 Obstetric Brachial Plexus Palsy Medical Damage Cases.

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the high risk factors of obstetric brachial plexus palsy (OBPP), and to explore how to evaluate the relationship between fault medical behavior and OBPP in the process of medical damage forensic identification. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was carried out on 25 cases of medical damage liability disputes related to OBPP from 2017 to 2021 in Beijing Fayuan Judicial Science Evidence Appraisal Center. The shortcomings of hospitals in birth weight assessment, delivery mode selection, labor process observation and shoulder dystocia management, and the causal relationship between them and the damage consequences of the children were summarized. RESULTS: Fault medical behavior was assessed as the primary cause in 2 cases, equal cause in 10 cases, secondary cause in 8 cases, minor cause in 1 case, no causal relationship in 1 case, and unclear causal force in 3 cases. CONCLUSIONS: In the process of forensic identification of OBPP, whether medical behaviors fulfill diagnosis and treatment obligations should be objectively analyzed from the aspects of prenatal evaluation, delivery mode notification, standardized use of oxytocin, standard operation of shoulder dystocia, etc. Meanwhile, it is necessary to fully consider the objective risk of different risk factors and the difficulty of injury prevention, and comprehensively evaluate the causal force of fault medical behavior in the damage consequences.

Natural distribution, structures, synthesis, and bioactivity of hasubanan alkaloids.

Hasubanan alkaloids represent a distinct class of alkaloids bearing a structural resemblance to morphine, predominantly found in herbals of the Stephania genus. Their intriguing molecular architecture and potential analgesic properties have captured the interest of medicinal chemists worldwide. This review meticulously examines the natural distribution, structural characteristics, biosynthetic pathways, synthetic methodologies, and biological activities of hasubanans.

Tracing the path of disruption: 13C isotope applications in traumatic brain injury-induced metabolic dysfunction.

Cerebral metabolic dysfunction is a critical pathological hallmark observed in the aftermath of traumatic brain injury (TBI), as extensively documented in clinical investigations and experimental models. An in-depth understanding of the bioenergetic disturbances that occur following TBI promises to reveal novel therapeutic targets, paving the way for the timely development of interventions to improve patient outcomes. The 13C isotope tracing technique represents a robust methodological advance, harnessing biochemical quantification to delineate the metabolic trajectories of isotopically labeled substrates. This nuanced approach enables real-time mapping of metabolic fluxes, providing a window into the cellular energetic state and elucidating the perturbations in key metabolic circuits. By applying this sophisticated tool, researchers can dissect the complexities of bioenergetic networks within the central nervous system, offering insights into the metabolic derangements specific to TBI pathology. Embraced by both animal studies and clinical research, 13C isotope tracing has bolstered our understanding of TBI-induced metabolic dysregulation. This review synthesizes current applications of isotope tracing and its transformative potential in evaluating and addressing the metabolic sequelae of TBI.

Americanin B inhibits pyroptosis in lipopolysaccharide-induced septic encephalopathy mice through targeting NLRP3 protein.

BACKGROUND: Sepsis is considered as a severe illness due to its high mortality. Sepsis can cause septic encephalopathy, thus leading to brain injury, behavioral and cognitive dysfunction. Pyroptosis is a type of regulated cell death (RCD) and takes a crucial part in occurrence and development of sepsis. Americanin B (AMEB) is a lignan compounds, which is extracted from Vernicia fordii. In our previous study, AMEB could inhibit microglial activation in inflammatory cell model. However, the function of AMEB in septic encephalopathy mice is uncertain. It would be worthwhile to ascertain the role and mechanism of AMEB in sepsis. PURPOSE: Current study designs to certify the relationship between pyroptosis and septic encephalopathy, and investigate whether AMEB can restrain NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation and restrict pyroptosis by targeting NLRP3 in septic mice model. STUDY DESIGN: C57BL/6 mice were utilized to perform sepsis model in vivo experiments. BV-2 cell lines were used for in vitro experiments. METHODS: In vivo sepsis model was established by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) intraperitoneal injection in male C57BL/6 J mice and in vitro model was exposed by LPS plus ATP in BV-2 cells. The survival rate was monitored on the corresponding days. NLRP3, apoptosis associated Speck-like protein (ASC), caspase-1, GasderminD (GSDMD), interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß) and interleukin-18 (IL-18) level were detected by western blotting and immunofluorescence analysis. Molecular docking, cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA), drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS) experiments, RNAi transfection and quantitative real-time PCR were applied to confirm the potential target of AMEB. RESULTS: The results suggested that AMEB could rise survival percentage and lighten brain injury in LPS-induced sepsis mice. In addition, AMEB could inhibit pyroptosis and the activiation of NLRP3 inflammasome. The inhibiting function of AMEB on the activiation of NLRP3 inflammasome is weakened following si-NLRP3 transfection. Moreover, AMEB exerted anti-pyroptosis effect via targeting NLRP3 protein. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings first indicate NLRP3 is an effective druggable target for septic encephalopathy related brain injury, and also provide a candidate-AMEB for the treatment of septic encephalopathy. These emerging findings on AMEB in models of sepsis suggest an innovative approach that may be beneficial in the prevention of septic encephalopathy.

Unmasking the dynamics of Mycoplasma gallisepticum: deciphering HD11 macrophage polarization for innovative infection control strategies.

Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) is a highly contagious avian respiratory pathogen characterized by rapid spread, widespread distribution, and long-term persistence of infection. Previous studies have shown that chicken macrophage HD11 cells play a critical role in the replication and immunomodulation of MG. Macrophages are multifunctional immunomodulatory cells that polarize into different functions and morphologies in response to exogenous stimuli. However, the effect of MG infection on HD11 polarization is not well understood. In this study, we observed a time-dependent increase in both the expression of the MG-related virulence protein pMGA1.2 and the copy number of MG upon MG infection. Polarization studies revealed an upregulation of M1-type marker genes in MG-infected HD11 cells, suggesting that MG mainly induces HD11 macrophages towards M1-type polarization. Furthermore, MG activated the inflammatory vesicle NLRP3 signaling pathway, and NLRP3 inhibitors affected the expression of M1 and M2 marker genes, indicating the crucial regulatory role of the NLRP3 signaling pathway in MG-induced polarization of HD11 macrophages. Our findings reveal a novel mechanism of MG infection, namely the polarization of MG-infected HD11 macrophages. This discovery suggests that altering the macrophage phenotype to inhibit MG infection may be an effective control strategy. These findings provide new perspectives on the pathogenic mechanism and control measures of MG.

Evaluation of monolithic crystal detector with dual-ended readout utilizing multiplexing method.

Objective.Monolithic crystal detectors are increasingly being applied in positron emission tomography (PET) devices owing to their excellent depth-of-interaction (DOI) resolution capabilities and high detection efficiency. In this study, we constructed and evaluated a dual-ended readout monolithic crystal detector based on a multiplexing method.Approach.We employed two 12 × 12 silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) arrays for readout, and the signals from the 12 × 12 array were merged into 12 X and 12 Y channels using channel multiplexing. In 2D reconstruction, three methods based on the centre of gravity (COG) were compared, and the concept of thresholds was introduced. Furthermore, a light convolutional neural network (CNN) was employed for testing. To enhance depth localization resolution, we proposed a method by utilizing the mutual information from both ends of the SiPMs. The source width and collimation effect were simulated using GEANT4, and the intrinsic spatial resolution was separated from the measured values.Main results.At an operational voltage of 29 V for the SiPM, an energy resolution of approximately 12.5 % was achieved. By subtracting a 0.8 % threshold from the total energy in every channel, a 2D spatial resolution of approximately 0.90 mm full width at half maximum (FWHM) can be obtained. Furthermore, a higher level of resolution, approximately 0.80 mm FWHM, was achieved using a CNN, with some alleviation of edge effects. With the proposed DOI method, a significant 1.36 mm FWHM average DOI resolution can be achieved. Additionally, it was found that polishing and black coating on the crystal surface yielded smaller edge effects compared to a rough surface with a black coating.Significance.The introduction of a threshold in COG method and a dual-ended readout scheme can lead to excellent spatial resolution for monolithic crystal detectors, which can help to develop PET systems with both high sensitivity and high spatial resolution.

PRODH safeguards human naive pluripotency by limiting mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and reactive oxygen species production.

Naive human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) that resemble the pre-implantation epiblasts are fueled by a combination of aerobic glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, but their mitochondrial regulators are poorly understood. Here we report that, proline dehydrogenase (PRODH), a mitochondria-localized proline metabolism enzyme, is dramatically upregulated in naive hESCs compared to their primed counterparts. The upregulation of PRODH is induced by a reduction in c-Myc expression that is dependent on PD0325901, a MEK inhibitor routinely present in naive hESC culture media. PRODH knockdown in naive hESCs significantly promoted mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (mtOXPHOS) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production that triggered autophagy, DNA damage, and apoptosis. Remarkably, MitoQ, a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant, effectively restored the pluripotency and proliferation of PRODH-knockdown naive hESCs, indicating that PRODH maintains naive pluripotency by preventing excessive ROS production. Concomitantly, PRODH knockdown significantly slowed down the proteolytic degradation of multiple key mitochondrial electron transport chain complex proteins. Thus, we revealed a crucial role of PRODH in limiting mtOXPHOS and ROS production, and thereby safeguarding naive pluripotency of hESCs.

Bone morphogenetic protein 1: a prognostic indicator and potential biomarker in three cancer types.

BACKGROUND: Bone morphogenetic protein 1 (BMP1) is a metalloprotease that plays a role in activating both transforming growth factor-ß (TGF-ß) and BMP signaling pathways. TGF-ß has been identified as a factor initiating and facilitating cancer development. Consequently, we propose the hypothesis that dysregulation of BMP1 could potentially contribute to the onset and advancement of human cancers. METHODS: In this research, we aimed to analyze BMP1 expression level and the associated clinical outcomes across various cancers using online cancer OMICS databases, advanced Bioinformatics tools, and molecular analyses. RESULTS: The outcomes of our web server-based expression analysis indicated an up-regulation of BMP1 in a majority of the human cancers examined. External validation using clinical samples also showed higher expression of BMP1. Moreover, heightened BMP1 expression exhibited a noteworthy correlation with reduced overall survival (OS) duration in Bladder Cancer (BLCA), Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma (KIRC), and Lung Adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients. This suggests a substantial involvement of the BMP1 gene in the development and progression of these three types of cancers. The major signaling pathways related with BMP1 enriched genes were "ECM-receptor interaction, Amoebiasis, Focal adhesion, Protein digestion and absorption, progesterone-mediated, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and platelet activation". Moreover, we also explored some interesting correlations among BMP1 expression and its DNA promoter methylation level, CD8+ T immune cells level, and genetic variations. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, our study has provided some solid basis for BMP1 to be used as a reliable common biomarker for BLCA, KIRC, and LUAD patients.

Building a Charge Transfer Bridge between g-C3N4 and Perovskite with Molecular Engineering to Achieve Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells.

Effective defect passivation and efficient charge transfer within polycrystalline perovskite grains and corresponding boundaries are necessary to achieve highly efficient perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, focusing on the boundary location of g-C3N4 during the crystallization modulation on perovskite, molecular engineering of 4-carboxyl-3-fluorophenylboronic acid (BF) on g-C3N4 was designed to obtain a novel additive named BFCN. With the help of the strong bonding ability of BF with both g-C3N4 and perovskite and favorable intramolecular charge transfer within BFCN, not only has the crystal quality of perovskite films been improved due to the effective defects passivation, but the charge transfer has also been greatly accelerated due to the formation of additional charge transfer channels on the grain boundaries. As a result, the champion BFCN-based PSCs achieve the highest photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) of 23.71% with good stability.

Expeditious Synthesis of Gwanakoside A and the Chloronaphthol Glycoside Congeners.

The synthesis of gwanakoside A, a chlorinated naphthol bis-glycoside, and its analogues was achieved through stepwise chlorination and donor-equivalent controlled regioselective phenol glycosylation with glycosyl N-phenyltrifluoroacetimidates as donors. Gwanakoside A displayed considerable inhibitory effects against various cancer cells and Staphylococcus aureus strains.

Novel OBSL1 Variant in a Chinese Patient with 3M Syndrome and the c.458dupG Mutation May Be a Potential Hotspot Mutation in the Chinese Population.

3M syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by short stature and skeletal developmental abnormalities. In this study, a Chinese patient with 3M syndrome was presented. A novel OBSL1 (obscurin-like 1 gene) variant was found. The patient is a 2-year-old girl who presented with short stature and had intrauterine growth retardation and low birth weight. Gene analysis revealed compound heterozygote mutations in the OBSL1 gene: c.458dupG (p.L154Pfs*100) and c.427dupG (p.A143Gfs*111). The c.427dupG mutation is novel. The c.458dupG mutation has been documented in 5 cases, occurring only in Chinese individuals, indicating ethnic specificity. In cases of short-statured children presenting intrauterine growth retardation, low birth weight, and skeletal developmental abnormalities, 3M syndrome should be considered. The c.458dupG mutation might be a hotspot mutation in the Chinese population.